According to the World Health Organization, depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Based on previous studies, it has been established that low-income and female populations are at a higher risk of depression, but there has yet to be a recent study to look into rates of depression among women on welfare across the U.S. Thus, the aim of our research was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the prevalence of depression in women on welfare in the U.S. and moderators that might influence the effect. With the assistance of an academic librarian, we developed a search strategy and searched for studies reporting prevalence data on women who were living in the U.S. on welfare and depressed. The search, data extraction, and methodological appraisal were conducted by two trained research assistants in July 2023. Data was analyzed using the meta and metafor packages in the statistical software environment R. 50 studies, with 225,010 participants, were included in the analysis. The prevalence of depression among women on welfare in the U.S. was 29.93%. There was a significant amount of heterogeneity across studies, but no significant moderators were identified. Given the high rates of depression, well above the CDC-reported national average of 18.4%, future research should focus on efforts to improve depression screening and treatment referral for this population.