Exposure to adversity in childhood undermines developmental well-being, oftentimes accelerating biological aging. A novel measure of accelerated maturation is molar eruption. Though dental development is under significant genetic control, it is also affected by a variety of environmental factors, including early life adversity. Therefore, the current research has two goals: 1) to examine whether the oral developmental trajectories of children have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and 2) to investigate whether individual differences in dental development are associated with cognition. In the first study, we obtained deidentified dental records from Penn Dental and conducted a group comparison of the rates of molar eruption and central incisor loss in children before and after the pandemic. With tooth status serving as a biomarker for development, we determined that the pandemic did not cause any significant change in children’s rate of maturation. In the second study, we tested for associations between molar eruption and cognition. We found that children who have accelerated molar eruption perform significantly worse on fluid reasoning, even when controlling for gender and household income.