Fall Research Expo 2023

Medicaid Perinatal Payment Reform

With Medicaid largely covering about 40% of births in the United States, we are observing how existing mechanisms support pregnancy care nationwide. Medicaid innovations and their impact on perinatal outcomes have not been thoroughly studied, and our scoping review highlights areas in which literature does or does not exist. Additionally, this review sheds some light on ways in which these innovations have been studied, and what the most effective way to measure birth outcomes are. Utilizing the databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Proquest, and Franklin Libraries, through the University of Pennsylvania, we have created a search strategy to find existing literature on Medicaid innovations and pregnancy care. There are a set of key terms related to Medicaid, pregnancy, and relevant patient populations that we refer to when screening titles and abstracts. In order to conceptualize the link between birth outcomes and Medicaid in the post ACA-world, we searched specifically for articles published in English and after 2009. Highlighted in the summary is the exclusion/inclusion criteria for studies in two rounds of screening; the first round aimed to eliminate all articles that were contextually irrelevant and/or beyond our scope. The second round analyzed the nature of the studies (i.e. the presence of a comparison condition and health outcomes). From 390 studies initially gathered, only 11 were deemed relevant to our goal. Among the 11 studies, the main innovations of interest include the Strong Start for Mothers and Newborns Initiative, LARCs (long-acting reversible contraceptives), and early inductions. These studies were mostly observational in nature, occasionally utilizing a difference-in-difference design and reporting outcomes such as LARC removal rates, rates of singleton births 32 and 37 weeks before gestation, etc. These studies, which are few in number, differ in their focus and reported outcomes, showcasing the need for further exploration of various states, nationally implemented innovations, new types of mechanisms, and a wide variety of health outcomes. With these innovations generally demonstrating an improvement of outcomes, it is important to analyze the impact and nature of Medicaid innovations throughout the country in the hopes of the development of broader or even more refined programs. This research was conducted under the mentorship of Dr. Emily Gregory and Adya Maddox, MPH, through the Penn Undergraduate Research Mentoring Program (PURM) at the University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP).

PRESENTED BY
PURM - Penn Undergraduate Research Mentoring Program
College of Arts & Sciences 2025
Advised By
Emily Gregory
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine
Adya Maddox
Clinical Research Coordinator, Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness
PRESENTED BY
PURM - Penn Undergraduate Research Mentoring Program
College of Arts & Sciences 2025
Advised By
Emily Gregory
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine
Adya Maddox
Clinical Research Coordinator, Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness

Comments