Fall Research Expo 2023

Where Does the Time Go?

Our research project looks at how much time mothers spend in childcare based on their race, employment status, and marital status. Our goal was to learn more about the practice of intensive mothering, a model for motherhood that has risen in prominence since the 1970’s, across the aforementioned variables. The culture of intensive mothering emerged from the rise of women joining the workforce and maintaining a work life balance. To ensure that mothers still paid an appropriate amount of time to child rearing, the concept of intensive mothering arose to romanticize the role of being a mother. Intensive mothering emphasizes that only mothers can perform this role, embeds mothers into a more engaging role with their child’s life, and idealizes their child as all important. However, historically, Black and single mothers have already been balancing their working and home life before the cultural shift towards intensive mothering. Firstly, we noticed that unemployed mothers spent more time on average with their children than employed mothers. With employed mothers, we found that on average, White and Asian mothers who were married would spend more time with their children than White and Asian unmarried mothers. We also noticed that among employed Black and Hispanic mothers, there was not a significant difference in time dedicated to childcare between married and unmarried mothers.

PRESENTED BY
PURM - Penn Undergraduate Research Mentoring Program
College of Arts & Sciences 2026
CO-PRESENTERS
Claudia E Bellacosa - College of Arts & Sciences 2025
Advised By
PRESENTED BY
PURM - Penn Undergraduate Research Mentoring Program
College of Arts & Sciences 2026
CO-PRESENTERS
Claudia E Bellacosa - College of Arts & Sciences 2025
Advised By

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